<?php
/**
 * Class GridSampler
 *
 * @created      17.01.2021
 * @author       ZXing Authors
 * @author       Smiley <smiley@chillerlan.net>
 * @copyright    2021 Smiley
 * @license      Apache-2.0
 */

namespace chillerlan\QRCode\Detector;

use chillerlan\QRCode\Data\QRMatrix;
use chillerlan\QRCode\Decoder\BitMatrix;
use function array_fill;
use function count;
use function intdiv;
use function sprintf;

/**
 * Implementations of this class can, given locations of finder patterns for a QR code in an
 * image, sample the right points in the image to reconstruct the QR code, accounting for
 * perspective distortion. It is abstracted since it is relatively expensive and should be allowed
 * to take advantage of platform-specific optimized implementations, like Sun's Java Advanced
 * Imaging library, but which may not be available in other environments such as J2ME, and vice
 * versa.
 *
 * The implementation used can be controlled by calling #setGridSampler(GridSampler)
 * with an instance of a class which implements this interface.
 *
 * @author Sean Owen
 */
final class GridSampler{

	private array $points;

	/**
	 * Checks a set of points that have been transformed to sample points on an image against
	 * the image's dimensions to see if the point are even within the image.
	 *
	 * This method will actually "nudge" the endpoints back onto the image if they are found to be
	 * barely (less than 1 pixel) off the image. This accounts for imperfect detection of finder
	 * patterns in an image where the QR Code runs all the way to the image border.
	 *
	 * For efficiency, the method will check points from either end of the line until one is found
	 * to be within the image. Because the set of points are assumed to be linear, this is valid.
	 *
	 * @param int $dimension matrix width/height
	 *
	 * @throws \chillerlan\QRCode\Detector\QRCodeDetectorException if an endpoint is lies outside the image boundaries
	 */
	private function checkAndNudgePoints(int $dimension):void{
		$nudged = true;
		$max    = count($this->points);

		// Check and nudge points from start until we see some that are OK:
		for($offset = 0; $offset < $max && $nudged; $offset += 2){
			$x = (int)$this->points[$offset];
			$y = (int)$this->points[($offset + 1)];

			if($x < -1 || $x > $dimension || $y < -1 || $y > $dimension){
				throw new QRCodeDetectorException(sprintf('checkAndNudgePoints 1, x: %s, y: %s, d: %s', $x, $y, $dimension));
			}

			$nudged = false;

			if($x === -1){
				$this->points[$offset] = 0.0;
				$nudged                = true;
			}
			elseif($x === $dimension){
				$this->points[$offset] = ($dimension - 1);
				$nudged                = true;
			}

			if($y === -1){
				$this->points[($offset + 1)] = 0.0;
				$nudged                      = true;
			}
			elseif($y === $dimension){
				$this->points[($offset + 1)] = ($dimension - 1);
				$nudged                      = true;
			}

		}

		// Check and nudge points from end:
		$nudged = true;

		for($offset = ($max - 2); $offset >= 0 && $nudged; $offset -= 2){
			$x = (int)$this->points[$offset];
			$y = (int)$this->points[($offset + 1)];

			if($x < -1 || $x > $dimension || $y < -1 || $y > $dimension){
				throw new QRCodeDetectorException(sprintf('checkAndNudgePoints 2, x: %s, y: %s, d: %s', $x, $y, $dimension));
			}

			$nudged = false;

			if($x === -1){
				$this->points[$offset] = 0.0;
				$nudged                = true;
			}
			elseif($x === $dimension){
				$this->points[$offset] = ($dimension - 1);
				$nudged                = true;
			}

			if($y === -1){
				$this->points[($offset + 1)] = 0.0;
				$nudged                      = true;
			}
			elseif($y === $dimension){
				$this->points[($offset + 1)] = ($dimension - 1);
				$nudged                      = true;
			}

		}

	}

	/**
	 * Samples an image for a rectangular matrix of bits of the given dimension. The sampling
	 * transformation is determined by the coordinates of 4 points, in the original and transformed
	 * image space.
	 *
	 * @return \chillerlan\QRCode\Decoder\BitMatrix representing a grid of points sampled from the image within a region
	 *   defined by the "from" parameters
	 * @throws \chillerlan\QRCode\Detector\QRCodeDetectorException if image can't be sampled, for example, if the transformation defined
	 *   by the given points is invalid or results in sampling outside the image boundaries
	 */
	public function sampleGrid(BitMatrix $matrix, int $dimension, PerspectiveTransform $transform):BitMatrix{

		if($dimension <= 0){
			throw new QRCodeDetectorException('invalid matrix size');
		}

		$bits         = new BitMatrix($dimension);
		$this->points = array_fill(0, (2 * $dimension), 0.0);

		for($y = 0; $y < $dimension; $y++){
			$max    = count($this->points);
			$iValue = ($y + 0.5);

			for($x = 0; $x < $max; $x += 2){
				$this->points[$x]       = (($x / 2) + 0.5);
				$this->points[($x + 1)] = $iValue;
			}
			// phpcs:ignore
			[$this->points, ] = $transform->transformPoints($this->points);
			// Quick check to see if points transformed to something inside the image;
			// sufficient to check the endpoints
			$this->checkAndNudgePoints($matrix->getSize());

			// no need to try/catch as QRMatrix::set() will silently discard out of bounds values
#			try{
				for($x = 0; $x < $max; $x += 2){
					// Black(-ish) pixel
					$bits->set(
						intdiv($x, 2),
						$y,
						$matrix->check((int)$this->points[$x], (int)$this->points[($x + 1)]),
						QRMatrix::M_DATA
					);
				}
#			}
#			catch(\Throwable $aioobe){//ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
				// This feels wrong, but, sometimes if the finder patterns are misidentified, the resulting
				// transform gets "twisted" such that it maps a straight line of points to a set of points
				// whose endpoints are in bounds, but others are not. There is probably some mathematical
				// way to detect this about the transformation that I don't know yet.
				// This results in an ugly runtime exception despite our clever checks above -- can't have
				// that. We could check each point's coordinates but that feels duplicative. We settle for
				// catching and wrapping ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.
#				throw new QRCodeDetectorException('ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException');
#			}

		}

		return $bits;
	}

}
